Beauty leaf, Beach Calophyllum
A tropical plant. It is native to tropical Asia and the Pacific. It often grows near water and near the sea shore. It can tolerate salt spray. It can be near mangroves. It needs sandy well drained soil. It grows wild or cultivated on open waste sites on hills, seashores, sandy wastelands; 100(-200) m altitude in China. It grows up to 400 m above sea level in Fiji. It grows in places with an annual average temperature of 18-33°C. It is damaged by drought and frost. It suits hardiness zones 11-12.
Also known as:
Ai-sampulo, Alexandrian Laurel, Anganaro, Bagura, Barura, Beach kalofilum, Bentangor bunga, Bitu, Btaches, Fetau, Foraha, Forahabe, Funa, Hefau, Hong hou ke, Honne, Hpang, Isho, Itakamaka, Jijo, Kamani, Kating, Khchoeng, Lukwej, Mutondo, Nagachampa, Nyamplung, Penaga laut, Pinnay, Pohon bintangur, Pohon nyamplung, Pon-hyet, Poon, Poonang, Poonay-oil plant, Pouna, Pudek, Punaga, Punna, Punnaga, Punnai, Sultanachampa, Surangi, Takamaka, Taruwuka, Te itai, Tilo, Toor asa taukava, Undi, Voakoly, Voakotry, Voalavenona, Vuma
Synonyms
- Balsamaria inophyllum (Linnaeus) Loureillo
- and others
Edible Portion
- Fruit, Caution, Seeds - oil, Seeds
Where does Beauty leaf grow?
Found in: Africa, American Samoa, Andamans, Aruba, Asia, Australia, British Indian Ocean Terr., BIOT, Cambodia, Caroline Islands, China, Chuuk, Cook Islands, Djibouti, East Africa, East Timor, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, French Polynesia, FSM, Ghana, Guam, Hawaii, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Is.), Kenya, Kiribati, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marquesas, Marshall Islands, Mascarenes, Micronesia, Mozambique, Myanmar, New Caledonia, Nigeria, Pacific, Palau, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Philippines, Polynesia, Rotuma, Samoa, SE Asia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, United States, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Wallis & Futuna, West Africa, Yap, Zambia
Notes: There are about 187-200 Calophyllum species. They are evergreen trees of the tropics. The seed oil is fragrant and sometimes burnt in lamps. It is used in medicine.
Status: It is not known if it is used for food in Papua New Guinea. It is only a very minor or incidental food.
Growing Beauty leaf, Beach Calophyllum
Cultivation: They are grown from seed which must be sown fresh. Seeds germinate easily but slowly. Seedlings can be transplanted into the field after 5-6 months.
Edible Uses: The oil is edible after refining and removing toxic components. The ripe fruit and seeds are eaten. The unripe fruit are pickled. Caution: The seed, sap and leaves are poisonous.
Production: Young seedlings grow rapidly. The tree grows slowly. The seeds yield oil to 20--30%, but seed kernels to 50-60%.
Nutrition Info
per 100g edible portion| Edible Part | Energy (kcal) | Protein (g) | Iron (mg) | Vitamin A (ug) | Vitamin c (mg) | Zinc (mg) | % Water |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seed | - | 6.4 | - | - | - | - | 27.7 |
| Fruit | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Beauty leaf, Beach Calophyllum Photos
References
Altschul, S.V.R., 1973, Drugs and Foods from Little-known Plants. Notes in Harvard University Herbaria. Harvard Univ. Press. Massachusetts. no. 2855
Ambasta S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 97
Barwick, M., 2004, Tropical and Subtropical Trees. A Worldwide Encyclopedic Guide. Thames and Hudson p 82
Bircher, A. G. & Bircher, W. H., 2000, Encyclopedia of Fruit Trees and Edible Flowering Plants in Egypt and the Subtropics. AUC Press. p 74
Bodkin, F., 1991, Encyclopedia Botanica. Cornstalk publishing, p 201
Borrell, O.W., 1989, An Annotated Checklist of the Flora of Kairiru Island, New Guinea. Marcellin College, Victoria Australia. p 82
Brown, W.H., 1920, Wild Food Plants of the Philippines. Bureau of Forestry Bulletin No. 21 Manila. p 118
Burkill, H. M., 1985, The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vol. 2. Kew.
Burkill, I.H., 1966, A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol 1 (A-H) p 412
Cabalion, P. and Morat, P., 1983, Introduction le vegetation, la flore et aux noms vernaculaires de l'ile de Pentcoste (Vanuatu), In: Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquee JATBA Vol. 30, 3-4
Clarke, W.C. & Thaman, R.R.(Eds.), 1993, Agroforestry in the Pacific Islands: Systems for sustainability. United Nations University Press. New York. p 226
Conn, B.J., (Ed.) 1995, Handbooks of the Flora of Papua New Guinea. Vol 3. Melbourne University Press. p 80
Cooper, W. and Cooper, W., 2004, Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Nokomis Editions, Victoria, Australia. p 122
Cowie, I, 2006, A Survey of Flora and vegetation of the proposed Jaco-Tutuala-Lore National Park. Timor-Lests (East Timor) www.territorystories.nt/gov.au p 45
Cundall, P., (ed.), 2004, Gardening Australia: flora: the gardener's bible. ABC Books. p 290
Elevitch, C.R.(ed.), 2006, Traditional Trees of the Pacific Islands: Their Culture, Environment and Use. Permanent Agriculture Resources, Holualoa, Hawaii. p 183
Elliot, W.R., & Jones, D.L., 1982, Encyclopedia of Australian Plants suitable for cultivation. Vol 2. Lothian. p 434
Etherington, K., & Imwold, D., (Eds), 2001, Botanica's Trees & Shrubs. The illustrated A-Z of over 8500 trees and shrubs. Random House, Australia. p 165
Facciola, S., 1998, Cornucopia 2: a Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, p 78
Flora and Livestock in Coastal Karnataka. 2007, Report. EMPRI p 98
Flora of China Vol. 13, p 39
Fowler, D. G., 2007, Zambian Plants: Their Vernacular Names and Uses. Kew. p 78
Franklin, J., Keppel, G., & Whistler, W., 2008, The vegetation and flora of Lakeba, Nayau and Aiwa Islands, Central Lau Group, Fiji. Micronesica 40(1/2): 169–225, 2008
French, B.R., 2010, Food Plants of Solomon Islands. A Compendium. Food Plants International Inc. p
Gardner, S., et al, 2000, A Field Guide to Forest Trees of Northern Thailand, Kobfai Publishing Project. p 53
GTZ 1996, A Guide to some Indigenous Fijian Trees. GTZ Suva. p 79
Hall, N. et al, 1972, The Use of Trees and Shrubs in the Dry Country of Australia, AGPS, Canberra. p 197
Havel, J.J., 1975, Forest Botany, Volume 3 Part 2 Botanical taxonomy. Papua New Guinea Department of Forests, p 201
Hearne, D.A., & Rance, S.J., 1975, Trees for Darwin and Northern Australia. AGPS, Canberra p 37, Pl 10
Hedrick, U.P., 1919, (Ed.), Sturtevant's edible plants of the world. p 144
Heywood, V.H., Brummitt, R.K., Culham, A., and Seberg, O. 2007, Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. p 103
Hibbert, M., 2002, The Aussie Plant Finder 2002, Florilegium. p 50
Hinton, B & B., 1982, A Wilderness in Bloom. Wildflowers of tropical Australia. p 59
Holliday, I., 1989, A Field Guide to Australian Trees. Hamlyn. p 98
Jackes, B.R., 2001, Plants of the Tropics. Rainforest to Heath. An Identification Guide. James Cook University. p 47
Jones D, L, 1986, Ornamental Rainforest Plants in Australia, Reed Books, p 201
Kitalong, A. H., DeMeo, R. A., & Holm, T., 2013, A Field Guide to the Native Trees of Palau. 2nd edition. USDA p48
Lazarides, M. & Hince, B., 1993, Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia, CSIRO. p 43
Lemmens, R.H.M.J., 2005. Calophyllum inophyllum L. [Internet] Record from Protabase. Louppe, D., Oteng-Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa), Wageningen, Netherlands. < http://database.prota.org/search.htm>. Accessed 14 October 2009.
Li Xi-wen & Li Jie; Peter F. Stevens, Clusiaceae [Draft], Flora of China
Liefting, A., et al, Samoan plant names. http://en.wikipedia.org
ç
Nicholson, N & H., 1996, Australian Rainforest Plants 2, Terania Rainforest Publishing. NSW. p 15
Peekel, P.G., 1984, (Translation E.E.Henty), Flora of the Bismarck Archipelago for Naturalists, Division of Botany, Lae, PNG. p 377, 379
Pham-Hoang Ho, 1999, An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam. Nha Xuat Ban Tre. p 457
Scarth-Johnson, V., 2000, National Treasures. Flowering Plants of Cooktown and Northern Australia. Vera Scarth-Johnson Gallery Association. Cooktown, Australia. p 37
Selvam, V., 2007, Trees and shrubs of the Maldives. RAP Publication No. 2007/12 p 48
Smith, A.C., 1981, Flora Vitiensis Nova, Lawaii, Kuai, Hawaii, Volume 2 p 336
Soerianegara, I. & Lemmens, R. H. M. L., (Eds.) 1993, Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Wageningen. No. 5(1). p 124
Sp. pl. 1:513. 1753
Staples, G.W. and Herbst, D.R., 2005, A tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. p 237 (Drawing)
Sujanapal, P., & Sankaran, K. V., 2016, Common Plants of Maldives. FAO & Kerala FRI, p 67
Sukarya, D. G., (Ed.) 2013, 3,500 Plant Species of the Botanic Gardens of Indonesia. LIPI p 173
Thaman, R. R., 1987, Plants of Kiribati: A listing and analysis of vernacular names. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 296
Thaman, R. R, 2016, The flora of Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 611. Smithsonian Institute p 76
Tiwi Plants and Animals. 2001, Aboriginal flora and fauna knowledge from Bathurst and Melville Islands, northern Australia. Northern Territory Botanical Bulletin; No. 24 p 33
Topp, J. M. W., 1988, An Annotated Check List of the Flora of Diego Garcia, British Ocean Territory. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 313
Townsend, K., 1994, Across the Top. Gardening with Australian Plants in the tropics. Society for Growing Australian Plants, Townsville Branch Inc. p 116
Trimanto, & Hapsari L., 2016, Botanical survey in thirteen montane forests of Bawean Island Nature Reserve, East Java Indonesia: Conservation status, bioprospecting and potential tourism. Biodiversitas 17: 832-846.
World Checklist of Useful Plant Species 2020. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/products/afdbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=2
www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/treedb/
Yuncker, T.G., 1959, Plants of Tonga, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Hawaii, Bulletin 220. p 187