Billabong tree, Corkwood
A tropical plant. It grows in rainforests along river banks and the edges of freshwater swamps. It will grow on a range of soils. It can grow on salty soils or in areas with salt spray. In Indonesia it grows to 1,800 m altitude. In Madagascar it grows up to 1,500 m altitude. In XTBG Yunnan. In Townsville Anderson BG.
Also known as:
Andipunaru, Anwirdu, Bibis, Cork Tree, Daini jam, Ganding, Hpun, Kanthekera, Karalli, Kathal boula, Kesinga, Kieng pra, Kierpa, Lotkao, Mahithekera, Maniawga, Maniawya, Matan, Merpoi, Merpuing, Muyu, Panasi, Pohon bilabong, Pohon buah kanis, Punschi, Roskao, Sepat, Sohkhwe, Theiria, Theng vothung, Tromeng, Varanga, Yat
Synonyms
- Carallia integerrima DC.
- Carallia lucida Roxb.
- and several others
Edible Portion
- Fruit, Leaves - tea, Seeds - oil
Where does Billabong tree grow?
Found in: Andamans, Asia, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, East Africa, East Timor, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Northeastern India, Pacific, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Philippines, SE Asia, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Vietnam
Notes: There are about 15 Carallia species.
Status: It is not known if it is used as a food in Papua New Guinea. The fruit are especially eaten by children.
Growing Billabong tree, Corkwood
Cultivation: Plants can be grown from seed. The seed should be sown fresh.
Edible Uses: The ripe fruit are eaten raw. They are acidic. The leaves are used for a tea like drink. The seeds yield an edible oil.
Production: It is moderately fast growing. In northern Australia it fruits June to October. (April to July). In NE Thailand fruit are available June to August.
Nutrition Info
per 100g edible portionEdible Part | Energy (kcal) | Protein (g) | Iron (mg) | Vitamin A (ug) | Vitamin c (mg) | Zinc (mg) | % Water |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fruit | 94 | 2.2 | - | - | 4 | - | 77.2 |
Leaves - tea | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Seeds - oil | - | - | - | - | - | - |
References
Ambasta S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 103
Argent, G et al, nd, Manual of the Larger and More important non Dipterocarp Trees of Central Kalimantan Indonesia. Volume 2 Forest Research Institute, Samarinda, Indonesia. p 525
BARC, 2016, State of Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council.
Bindon, P., 1996, Useful Bush Plants. Western Australian Museum. p 73.
Bircher, A. G. & Bircher, W. H., 2000, Encyclopedia of Fruit Trees and Edible Flowering Plants in Egypt and the Subtropics. AUC Press. p 82
Brock, J., 1993, Native Plants of Northern Australia, Reed. p 115
Burkill, I.H., 1966, A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol 1 (A-H) p 454
Calvert, G., 2010, The Burdekin Delta Tree Guide. Lower Burdekin Landcare Association., Inc., Ayr p 43
Cherikoff V. & Isaacs, J., The Bush Food Handbook. How to gather, grow, process and cook Australian Wild Foods. Ti Tree Press, Australia p 198
Cooper, W. and Cooper, W., 2004, Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Nokomis Editions, Victoria, Australia. p 428
Cowie, I, 2006, A Survey of Flora and vegetation of the proposed Jaco-Tutuala-Lore National Park. Timor-Lests (East Timor) www.territorystories.nt/gov.au p 52
Cribb, A.B. & J.W., 1976, Wild Food in Australia, Fontana. p 74
Dobriyal, M. J. R. & Dobriyal, R., 2014, Non Wood Forest Produce an Option for Ethnic Food and Nutritional Security in India. Int. J. of Usuf. Mngt. 15(1):17-37
Elliot, W.R., & Jones, D.L., 1982, Encyclopedia of Australian Plants suitable for cultivation. Vol 2. Lothian. p 461
Ethnobotany of Karbis. Chapter 4 in p 103 (As Carallia lucida)
French, B.R., 2010, Food Plants of Solomon Islands. A Compendium. Food Plants International Inc. p 305
Garde, M., et al, 2003, A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names. Northern Land Council. (Arnhem Land, Australia)
Gardner, S., et al, 2000, A Field Guide to Forest Trees of Northern Thailand, Kobfai Publishing Project. p 186
Ghorbani, A., et al, 2012, A comparison of the wild food plant use knowledge of ethnic minorities in Naban River Watershed Nature Reserve, Yunnan, SW China. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine; 8:17
Havel, J.J., 1975, Forest Botany, Volume 3 Part 2 Botanical taxonomy. Papua New Guinea Department of Forests, p 231
Hazarika, T. K., et al, 2012, Studies on wild fruits of Mizoram, India used as ethno-medicines. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. Published on line 03 February, 2012
Hibbert, M., 2002, The Aussie Plant Finder 2002, Florilegium. p 60
Hiddins, L., 1999, Explore Wild Australia with the Bush Tucker Man. Penguin Books/ABC Books. p 127
http://palaeoworks.anu.edu.au/Nuno_PhD/04.pdf
Hu, Shiu-ying, 2005, Food Plants of China. The Chinese University Press. p 574
Jackes, B.R., 2001, Plants of the Tropics. Rainforest to Heath. An Identification Guide. James Cook University. p 76
Jones D, L, 1986, Ornamental Rainforest Plants in Australia, Reed Books, p 204
Kar, A., & Borthakur, S. K., 2008, Wild edible fruits of Karbi's of Karbi Anglong district of Assam, India, Pleione 2(2): 175-181 (As Carallia lucida)
Kar, A., et al, 2013, Wild Edible Plant Resources used by the Mizos of Mizoram, India. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology. Vol. 9, No. 1, July, 2013, 106-126
Kenneally, K.E., Edinger, D. C., and Willing T., 1996, Broome and Beyond, Plants and People of the Dampier Peninsula, Kimberley, Western Australia. Department of Conservation and Land Management. p 172
Lalfakzuala, R., 2007, Ethnobotanical usages of plants in western Mizoram. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. Vol 6(3) pp 480-493
Lazarides, M. & Hince, B., 1993, Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia, CSIRO. p 47
Levitt, D., 1981, Plants and people. Aboriginal uses of plants on Groote Eylandt. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra. p 119
Melzer, R. & Plumb, J., 2011, Plants of Capricornia. Belgamba, Rockhampton. p 288
Morley, B.D., & Toelken, H.R., (Eds), 1983, Flowering Plants in Australia. Rigby. p 172
Paczkowska, G . & Chapman, A.R., 2000, The Western Australian Flora. A Descriptive Catalogue. Western Australian Herbarium. p 512
Pasha, M. K. & Uddin, S. B., 2019, Minor Edible Fruits of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 26(2): 299–313
Patiri, B. & Borah, A., 2007, Wild Edible Plants of Assam. Geethaki Publishers. p 52
Phawa, G. M., Dkhar, E. K. & Marbaniang, D., 2019, Indigenous Wild Edible Plants of Bataw Village, East Jaintia Hills District, Meghalaya. International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities. 7(2)
Phon, P., 2000, Plants used in Cambodia. © Pauline Dy Phon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. p 132
Plants of Papua New Guinea LAE herbarium record
Reis, S. V. and Lipp, F. L., 1982, New Plant Sources for Drugs and Foods from the New York Botanical Garden herbarium. Harvard. p 206
Roth, W.E., 1901,
Sarma, H., et al, 2010, Updated Estimates of Wild Edible and Threatened Plants of Assam: A Meta-analysis. International Journal of Botany 6(4): 414-423
Scarth-Johnson, V., 2000, National Treasures. Flowering Plants of Cooktown and Northern Australia. Vera Scarth-Johnson Gallery Association. Cooktown, Australia. p 165
Schatz, G.E., 2001, Generic Tree Flora of Madagascar. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. p 313
Singh, H.B., Arora R.K.,1978, Wild edible Plants of India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. p 53
Smith, N and Wightman, G.M., 1990, Ethnobotanical Notes from Belyuen Northern Territory Australia. Northern Territory Botanical Bulletin No 10. Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory. p 7, 8
Smith, N. M., 1991, Ethnobotanical Field Notes from the Northern Territory, Australia, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 14(1): 1-65
Suksri, S., et al, 2005, Ethnobotany in Bung Khong Long Non-Hunting Area, Northeast Thailand. Kasetsart J., (Nat. Sci) 39: 519-533
Sukarya, D. G., (Ed.) 2013, 3,500 Plant Species of the Botanic Gardens of Indonesia. LIPI p 180
Teron, R. & Borthakur, S. K., 2016, Edible Medicines: An Exploration of Medicinal Plants in Dietary Practices of Karbi Tribal Population of Assam, Northeast India. In Mondal, N. & Sen, J.(Ed.) Nutrition and Health among tribal populations of India. p 155 (As Carallia lucida)
Townsend, K., 1994, Across the Top. Gardening with Australian Plants in the tropics. Society for Growing Australian Plants, Townsville Branch Inc. p 122
Vigilante, T., et al, 2013, Island country: Aboriginal connections, values and knowledge of the Western Kimberley islands in the context of an island biological survey. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 145-182
Wheeler, J.R.(ed.), 1992, Flora of the Kimberley Region. CALM, Western Australian Herbarium, p 562
Wightman, G. & Andrews, M., 1991, Bush Tucker Identikit. Common Native Food Plants of Australia’s top end. Conservation Commission Northern Territory. p 6
Wightman, G. M. & Andrews, M.R., 1989, Plants of Northern Territory Monsoon Vine Forests (Vol 1). Conservation Commission of Northern Territory. p 30
World Checklist of Useful Plant Species 2020. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Yunupinu Banjgul, Laklak Yunupinu-Marika, et al. 1995, Rirratjinu Ethnobotany: Aboriginal Plant Use from Yirrkala, Arnhem Land, Australia. Northern Territory Botanical Bulletin No 21. Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory. p 26.