Edible Plants of the World

Bow wood, Four Corners, Cross-berry

A tropical plant. It is common in forest and scrub. It grows in areas with modest rainfall. It grows from sea level to 1500 m altitude in South Africa. In Zimbabwe it grows above 1,400 m above sea level. Plants can grow in the sun or partial shade. It needs fertile, well-drained soil. It can tolerate frost. It suits hardiness zones 9-11. In Brisbane Botanical Gardens.

Also known as:

Basbessie, Broodjie, Cross berry, Dadels, Kruisbessie, Liklolo, Motsotsojane, Mumaka, Musosobiana, Star-flower, Umnqabaza, Umnqabalaza, Umsosobiyane

Synonyms

Edible Portion

Where does Bow wood grow?

Found in: Africa, Australia, Botswana, East Africa, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Hawaii, Mozambique, Namibia, Pacific, South Africa, Southern Africa, Swaziland, United States, Zimbabwe

Notes: There are about 200 Grewia species. They are mostly tropical. The fruit of most may be edible. These were in the Sparrmanniaceae and the Tiliaceae.

Growing Bow wood, Four Corners, Cross-berry

Cultivation: It can be grown from seed. Seeds germinate easily and plants transplant easily. Plants can also be grown from cuttings or layering.

Edible Uses: The ripe fruit are eaten raw. The juice is used fresh or fermented. They are also cooked in milk to make a drink.

Production: It is fast growing in the early stage. A fruit weighs about 1 g.

Nutrition Info

per 100g edible portion

Edible Part Energy (kcal) Protein (g) Iron (mg) Vitamin A (ug) Vitamin c (mg) Zinc (mg) % Water
Fruit 258 2.8 - - 18.4 1.1 12.6

References

Altschul, S.V.R., 1973, Drugs and Foods from Little-known Plants. Notes in Harvard University Herbaria. Harvard Univ. Press. Massachusetts. no. 2724

Brickell, C. (Ed.), 1999, The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. Convent Garden Books. p 482

Cundall, P., (ed.), 2004, Gardening Australia: flora: the gardener's bible. ABC Books. p 653

De Vynk, J. C., et al, 2016, Indigenous edible plant use by contemporary Khoe-San descendants of South Africa's Cape South Coast. South African Journal of Botany. 102 (2016) 60-69

Exell, A.W. et al, (Ed), 1963, Flora Zambesiaca Vol 2 Part 1 Crown Agents, London. p 58

Facciola, S., 1998, Cornucopia 2: a Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, p 241

FAO, 1988, Traditional Food Plants, FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 42. FAO Rome p 312

Fox, F. W. & Young, M. E. N., 1982, Food from the Veld. Delta Books. p 355

Grivetti, 1976, 1979,

Grivetti, L. E., 1980, Agricultural development: present and potential role of edible wild plants. Part 2: Sub-Saharan Africa, Report to the Department of State Agency for International Development. p 79

INFOODS:FAO/INFOODS Databases

Joffe, P., 2007, Creative Gardening with Indigenous Plants. A South African Guide. Briza. p 229

Llamas, K.A., 2003, Tropical Flowering Plants. Timber Press. p 270

Long, C., 2005, Swaziland's Flora - siSwati names and Uses http://www.sntc.org.sz/flora/

Lord, E.E., & Willis, J.H., 1999, Shrubs and Trees for Australian gardens. Lothian. p 233

Ogle & Grivetti, 1985,

Palgrave, K.C., 1996, Trees of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers. p 576

Palmer, E and Pitman, N., 1972, Trees of Southern Africa. Vol. 2. A.A. Balkema, Cape Town p 1443

Peters, C. R., O'Brien, E. M., and Drummond, R.B., 1992, Edible Wild plants of Sub-saharan Africa. Kew. p 192

Ruiters-Welcome, A. K., 2019, Food plants of southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis. Univ. of Johannesburg p 76

Shackleton, S. E., et al, 1998, Use and Trading of Wild Edible Herbs in the Central Lowveld Savanna Region, South Africa. Economic Botany, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 251-259

Shava, S., 2000, The Use of Indigenous Plants as Food by a Rural Community in the Eastern Cape: an Educational Exploration. Masters Thesis Rhodes University. p 65

Silberbauer, 1981,

Sp. pl. 2:964. 1753

Staples, G.W. and Herbst, D.R., 2005, A tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. p 549

Swaziland's Flora Database http://www.sntc.org.sz/flora

Tredgold, M.H., 1986, Food Plants of Zimbabwe. Mambo Press. p 70

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/econ.pl (10 April 2000)

van Wyk, B, van Wyk, P, and van Wyk B., 2000, Photographic guide to Trees of Southern Africa. Briza. p 168

Venter, F & J., 2009, Making the most of Indigenous Trees. Briza. p 186

von Breitenbach, F., 1985, Southern Cape Tree Guide. Department of Environment Affairs, Forestry Branch. Pamphlet 360 Pretoria p 21

Wehmeyer, A. S, 1986, Edible Wild Plants of Southern Africa. Data on the Nutrient Contents of over 300 species

Wilson, A. L. & Downs, C. T., 2012, Fruit nutritional composition and non-nutritive traits of indigenous South African tree species. South African Journal of Botany. 78:30-36

World Checklist of Useful Plant Species 2020. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

www.zimbabweflora.co.zw 2011