Ceylon ironwood tree

Where does Ceylon ironwood tree grow?

Found in: Asia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, SE Asia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam

Notes: The seeds have medicinal value. There are about 75 Manilkara species.

Status: Ripe fruit are sold in markets. They are collected in large quantities. It is a cultivated fruit tree.

Growing Ceylon ironwood tree

Cultivation: Plants can be grown from seed. They can also be grown from cuttings or by air-layering. They can be grafted.

Edible Uses: The seeds contain edible oil. The ripe fruit are eaten fresh or dried. They are very sweet. They are also put into a pot with sugar to form a sticky black mass that is eaten. The bark is added to palm sugar to restrict fermentation.

Production: It is slow growing. In India the fruit are available October to April. The seeds contain 25% edible oil.

Nutrition Info

Ceylon ironwood tree Photos

References

Ambasta, S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 355

Arora, R. K., 2014, Diversity in Underutilized Plant Species - An Asia-Pacific Perspective. Bioversity International. p 77

Ashton, M. S., et al 1997, A Field Guide to the Common Trees and Shrubs of Sri Lanka. WHT Publications Ltd. pdf p 363

Bajpai, O., et al, 2015, Tree species of the Himalayan Terai region of Uttar Pradesh, India: a checklist. Check List 11(4): 1718

BARC, 2016, State of Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council.

Basha, S. K. M., Ethnobotanical Trees of Sri Lanka Malleswara Wildlife Sanctuary; Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh.

Bole, P.V., & Yaghani, Y., 1985, Field Guide to the Common Trees of India. OUP p 71

Chaudhary, L. B., et al, 2014, Tree Resources of Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh, India with especial emphasis on Conservation Status, Phenology and Economic Values. International Journal of Environment. 3(1)

Dobriyal, M. J. R. & Dobriyal, R., 2014, Non Wood Forest Produce an Option for Ethnic Food and Nutritional Security in India. Int. J. of Usuf. Mngt. 15(1):17-37

Dubard, Ann. Inst. Bot.- Géol. Colon. Marseille, sér. 3, 3: 9. 1915.

Facciola, S., 1998, Cornucopia 2: a Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, p 227

Flora of China. Vol. 16 p 206

Flora of Pakistan. www.eFloras.org

Garner, R.J., and Chaudhri, S.A., (Ed.) 1976, The Propagation of Tropical fruit Trees. FAO/CAB. p 487

Hedrick, U.P., 1919, (Ed.), Sturtevant's edible plants of the world. p 415 (As Mimusops hexandra)

Hu, Shiu-ying, 2005, Food Plants of China. The Chinese University Press. p 620

INFOODSUpdatedFGU-list.xls

Khan, D. & Shaukat, S.S., 2006, The Fruits of Pakistan: Diversity, Distribution, Trends of Production and Use. Int. J. Biol. Biotech., 3(3):463-499

Krishen P., 2006, Trees of Delhi, A Field Guide. DK Books. p 138

Misra S. & Misra M., 2016, Ethnobotanical and Nutritional Evaluation of Some Edible Fruit Plants of Southern Odisha, India. International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology, Vol.3 Issue.1, March- 2016, pg. 1-30

Pasha, M. K. & Uddin, S. B., 2019, Minor Edible Fruits of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 26(2): 299–313

Patel, P. R. & Ramana Rao, T. V., 2009, Physiological changes in relation to growth and ripening of khirni [Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard] fruit, Fruits, Vol. 64, p. 139-146

Pham-Hoang Ho, 1999, An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam. Nha Xuat Ban Tre. p 631

Phon, P., 2000, Plants used in Cambodia. © Pauline Dy Phon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. p 428

Rajapaksha, U., 1998, Traditional Food Plants in Sri Lanka. HARTI, Sri Lanka. p 460

Reddy, B. M., 2012, Wild edible plants of Chandrapur district, Maharashtra, India. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources. 3(1) pp 110-117

Reddy, K.R., 1989, Additional Notes on the Wild Edible Plants of India. J. Econ. Tax. Bot. Vol. 13 No. 1 pp 125-127 (As Mimusops hexandra)

Reddy, K. N. et al, 2007, Traditional knowledge on wild food plants in Andhra Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. Vol. 6(1): 223-229

Reis, S. V. and Lipp, F. L., 1982, New Plant Sources for Drugs and Foods from the New York Botanical Garden herbarium. Harvard. p 234

Sahni, K.C., 2000, The Book of Indian Trees. Bombay Natural History Society. Oxford. p 122

Setiya, A. V., et al, 2016, Exploration and documentation of some wild edible plants used by the aboriginals from Gadchiroli District (M.S.) India. International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology. 3(7)

Shah, G.L., 1984, Some economically important plant of Salsette Island near Bombay. J. Econ. Tax. Bot. Vol. 5 No. 4 pp 753-765

Singh, H.B., Arora R.K.,1978, Wild edible Plants of India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. p 66

Singh, V. and Singh, P., 1981, Edible Wild Plants of Eastern Rajasthan. J. Econ. Tax. Bot. Vol 2 pp 197-207 (As Mimusops hexandra)

Soerianegara, I. & Lemmens, R. H. M. L., (Eds.) 1993, Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Wageningen. No. 5(1). p 294

Sukarya, D. G., (Ed.) 2013, 3,500 Plant Species of the Botanic Gardens of Indonesia. LIPI p 384

Swaminathan, M.S., and Kochnar, S.L., 2007, An Atlas of Major Flowering Trees in India. Macmillan. p 179

Tamil herbs, 2007, Edible Plants of the Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest.

Tomar, A., Kumar, A., & Dubey, K., 2002, Underutilized Wild Edible fruits of Nutritional and Medicinal Value. J. Res. Educ. Indian Med., Vol XX1

Upreti, K., et al, 2010, Diversity and Distribution of Wild Edible Fruit Plants of Uttarakhand. Bioversity Potentials of the Himalaya. p 174

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/econ.pl (10 April 2000)

WATT, (As Mimusops hexandra)

World Checklist of Useful Plant Species 2020. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew