Pili nut, Philippine nut
A tropical plant. It suits the hot humid lowland tropics. Common in southern Luzon, Bicol regions and in primary forest at low and medium altitudes and also in Polillo, Samar, Leyte and Surigao in the Philippines. They occur from sea level up to 500 m in the Philippines. It suits hardiness zones 11-12.
Also known as:
Noz-pili
Synonyms
- Canarium melioides Elmer
- Canarium pachyphyllum Perkins
Edible Portion
- Seeds kernel, Nuts, Shoots
Where does Pili nut grow?
Found in: Asia, Australia, Brazil, Hawaii, Indonesia, Malaysia, Micronesia, Pacific, Palau, Philippines, Pohnpei, Puerto Rico, SE Asia, South America, Timor-Leste
Notes: There are 80-95 Canarium species.
Status: It is a popular nut. It is a cultivated food plant.
Growing Pili nut, Philippine nut
Cultivation: Plants are grown from seed.
Edible Uses: The kernels of the nuts are eaten raw or roasted. They can upset the stomach when raw. They can also be used to produce an oil that is used in cooking. The pulp of the fruit is boiled and eaten. They are also pickled. The young shoots are eaten in salads.
Production: Flowering occurs from May to July and fruit from October to December. A tree can produce 32 kg of nuts per year. This is about 10,000 nuts each year.
Nutrition Info
per 100g edible portion| Edible Part | Energy (kcal) | Protein (g) | Iron (mg) | Vitamin A (ug) | Vitamin c (mg) | Zinc (mg) | % Water |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nuts | 600 | 10.6 | 4.1 | 15 | 21 | 3 | 14.2 |
| Fruit | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Leaves | - | - | - | - | - | - |
References
Arora, R. K., 2014, Diversity in Underutilized Plant Species - An Asia-Pacific Perspective. Bioversity International. p 93
Barwick, M., 2004, Tropical and Subtropical Trees. A Worldwide Encyclopedic Guide. Thames and Hudson p 89
Bircher, A. G. & Bircher, W. H., 2000, Encyclopedia of Fruit Trees and Edible Flowering Plants in Egypt and the Subtropics. AUC Press. p 79 (Also as Canarium pachyphyllus)
Brouk, B., 1975, Plants Consumed by Man. Academic Press, London. p 222
Brown, W.H., 1920, Wild Food Plants of the Philippines. Bureau of Forestry Bulletin No. 21 Manila. p 78
Burkill, I.H., 1966, A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol 1 (A-H) p 436
Coronel, R.E., 1982, Fruit Collections in the Philippines. IBPGR Newsletter p 6
Coronel, R.E., 1995, History and Current Status of Pili Nut (Canarium ovatum) Production in the Philippines. In South Pacific Indigenous Nuts. ACIAR Proceedings No 69. Canberra. p 134
Coronel, Roberto E. 1996. Pili nut. Canarium ovatum Engl. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 6. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy.
Cundall, P., (ed.), 2004, Gardening Australia: flora: the gardener's bible. ABC Books. p 323
Darley, J.J., 1993, Know and Enjoy Tropical Fruit. P & S Publishers. p 78
A. L. P. P. de Candolle & A. C. de Candolle, Monogr. phan. 4:110. 1883
Etherington, K., & Imwold, D., (Eds), 2001, Botanica's Trees & Shrubs. The illustrated A-Z of over 8500 trees and shrubs. Random House, Australia. p 179
Facciola, S., 1998, Cornucopia 2: a Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, p 62
FAO, 1995, Edible Nuts. Non Wood Forest Products 5.
Food Composition Tables for use in East Asia FAO http://www.fao.org/infoods/directory No. 333
Kanihera, 1933, Flora Micronesica 434
Kiple, K.F. & Ornelas, K.C., (eds), 2000, The Cambridge World History of Food. CUP p 1834
Leenhouts, P.W., 1955, Burseraceae in Flora Malesiana 5(1) p 271
Leenhouts, P.W., 1955, Canarium on the Pacific. Bernice P.Bishop Museum Bulletin 216. p 26
Lorenzi, H., Bacher, L., Lacerda, M. & Sartori, S., 2006, Brazilian Fruits & Cultivated Exotics. Sao Paulo, Instituto Plantarum de Estuados da Flora Ltda. p 368
Macmillan, H.F. (Revised Barlow, H.S., et al) 1991, Tropical Planting and Gardening. Sixth edition. Malayan Nature Society. Kuala Lumpur. p 296
Martin, F. W., et al, 1987, Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics. USDA Handbook 642 p 19
Menninger, E.A., 1977, Edible Nuts of the World. Horticultural Books. Florida p 25, 25
Monsalud, M.R., Tongacan, A.L., Lopez, F.R., & Lagrimas, M.Q., 1966, Edible Wild Plants in Philippine Forests. Philippine Journal of Science. p 449
PROSEA (Plant Resources of South East Asia) handbook, Volume 2, 1991, Edible fruits and nut. p 105
Rivero, J. A., y Brunner, B. R., 2007, Arborels frutales exoticas y poco conocidos en Puerto Rico. Universidad de Puerto Rico. p 33
Soepadmo, E. and Wong, K. M., 1995, Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak. Forestry Malaysia. Volume One. p 48
Tanaka, p 126
Uphof, 1968,
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/econ.pl (10 April 2000)
Walter, A. & Sam C., 2002, Fruits of Oceania. ACIAR Monograph No. 85. Canberra. p 131
Wickens, G.E., 1995, Edible Nuts. FAO Non-wood forest products. FAO, Rome. p 43, 111
World Checklist of Useful Plant Species 2020. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/products/afdbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=425
Zawiah, N. & Othaman, H., 2012, 99 Spesies Buah di FRIM. Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia. p 74