Stinking Cassia, Sickle senna
A tropical plant. It often grows on the edges of mangrove and coconut plantations. Plants grow near sea level in the tropics. In Nepal it grows to about 1400 m altitude. It grows in rich soil and near river banks. It grows in wetlands. It Indonesia it grows up to 1,000 m above sea level. In tropical Queensland it grows from sea level to 300 m altitude. It can grow in arid places.
Also known as:
Adi diga, Bab duli, Bapduli, Bokana, Chakauda, Chakoda, Chakonda, Chakor, Chakowar, Chakramandi, Chakunda, Chak-wad, Charota, Chekenda, Chekor sag, Chirota, Chum het lek, Chum het tai, Dadamari, Danghet chhieng, Dangywe, Dinghkri, Ecancule, Foetid cassia, Hadi diga, Hut, Jambanduro, Java-bean, Jhitkisak, Kaoal, Kasoda, Kasse, Kelbe, Ketepeng, Kovariya, Matkavai, Myay-pe-naw-nam, Ndur, Ngusat, Oosi thagarai, Pamaar, Panevar, Pawad, Peti-tora, Powada, Rahuri, Sekto, Senavu, Sicklepod, Soru-medelua, Tafasa, Tagarai, Takala, Takla, Tankil, Tantemu, Tantepu kura, Tapre, Tarota, Tarvat, Tarvata, Thagarai, Thakara, Thakattasoppu, Thavara, Tora, Torthan, Turtha, Ulo, Vao pinati, Vaththiyara
Synonyms
- Cassia tora L.
Edible Portion
- Seeds, Pods, Leaves, Vegetable, Flowers
Where does Stinking Cassia grow?
Found in: Africa, American Samoa, Arabia, Asia, Australia, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central Africa, China, East Africa, East Timor, Fiji, Gambia, Himalayas, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Korea, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Marquesas, Mauritius, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Northeastern India, Oman, Pacific, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, PNG, Philippines, Reunion, Rotuma, Saudi Arabia, SE Asia, Senegal, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, South America, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Vietnam, West Africa
Notes: There are 100 Cassia species. This group has been revised to a smaller more consistent group. Chemical composition: Moisture = 11.64%. Protein (N x 6.25) = 32.36%. Fat (ether extract) = 5.75%. Carbohydrate (soluble) = 5.56%. Ash = 4.84%. Iron = 1.43%. Phosphorus = 1.50%. Amino acids (u mole/100 mg.): a .Alanine = 17.0. Arginine = 12.0. Asparagine 25.1. Cysteine = 2.2. Glutamine = 36.1. Glycine = 19.7. Histidine = 7.9. Isoleucine = 8.8. Leucine = 17.2. Methionine = 0.2. Methionine sulphonide = - . Phenylalanine = 8.9. Proline = 10.0. Threonine = 10.4. Tyrosine = 5.0. Valine = 12.0. Unidentified = 1.6. Vernacular. Also as Caesalpinaceae.
Status: It is not known if they are used for food in Papua New Guinea.
Growing Stinking Cassia, Sickle senna
Cultivation: Plants are grown by seeds.
Edible Uses: The ripe seeds are roasted and ground and used for coffee. The seeds, roasted or cooked in the pod are eaten with rice. The young pods are cooked as a vegetable. The young leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. They are chopped small before cooking. They are often cooked with pork or fish. The harvested leaves can be stored for 4-5 days. The flowers are also cooked and eaten. The young stems are cooked in curry. The seeds are used in the preparation of sweets.
Nutrition Info
per 100g edible portionEdible Part | Energy (kcal) | Protein (g) | Iron (mg) | Vitamin A (ug) | Vitamin c (mg) | Zinc (mg) | % Water |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seeds | - | 32.4 | 1.43% | - | - | - | 11.64 |
Leaves | 27 | 3.6 | - | - | 124 | - | 82.1 |
Stems | - | - | - | - | - | - |
References
Ambasta S.P. (Ed.), 2000, The Useful Plants of India. CSIR India. p 110 (As Cassia tora)
Bandyopadhyay, S. et al, 2009, Wild edible plants of Koch Bihar district, West Bengal. Natural Products Radiance 8(1) 64-72
Bandyopadhyay, S., et al, 2012, A Census of Wild Edible Plants from Howrah District, West Bengal, India. Proceedings of UGC sponsored National Seminar 2012 (As Cassia tora)
Banerjee, A., et al, 2013, Ethnobotanical Documentation of Some Wild Edible Plants in Bankura District, West Bengal, India. The Journal of Ethnobiology and Traditional Medicine. Photon 120 (2013) 585-590 (As Cassia tora)
Belem, M., et al, 2017, Strategy of Conservation and Protection of Wild Edible Plants Diversity in Burkina Faso. ANADOLU 27 (2) 2017, 82- 90 (As Cassia tora)
Bhogaonkar, P. Y. & Devarkar, V. D., 2018, Inventory for ethnovegetable knowledge of the tribals of Satpura hill area-Melghat, Dist. Amravati (India), Plantae Scientia, 2018; Vol. 01 Issue 01: 01-08 (As Cassia tora)
Bohra, N., et al, 2017, Ethnobotany of wild edible plants traditionally used by the local people in the Ramnagar regions from Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India. Biolife 5(1): 12-19 (As Cassia tora)
Bojang, L., 1999, Non-wood Forest Products in The Gambia. EC-FAO Partnership Programme. (As Cassia tora)
Burkill, I.H., 1966, A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vol 1 (A-H) p 487 (As Cassia tora)
Chandrakumar, P., et al, 2015, Ethnobotanical studies of wild edible plants of Gond, Halba and Kawar tribes of Salekasa Taluka, Gondia District, Maharashtra State, India. International Research Journal of Pharmacy 6(8) (As Cassia tora)
Chowdery, T., et al, 2014, Wild edible plants of Uttar Dinajpur District, West Bengal. Life Science Leaflets. 47:pp 20-36 http://lifesciencesleaflets.ning.com
Coe, F.G., and Anderson, G.J., 1996, Ethnobotany of the Garifuna of Eastern Nicaragua. Economic Botany 50(1) pp 71-107 (As Cassia tora)
Cooper, W. and Cooper, W., 2004, Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Nokomis Editions, Victoria, Australia. p 108
Cowie, I, 2006, A Survey of Flora and vegetation of the proposed Jaco-Tutuala-Lore National Park. Timor-Leste (East Timor) www.territorystories.nt/gov.au p 45
CRÉAC'H, (As Cassia tora)
Dangol, D. R., 2002, Economic uses of forest plant resources in western Chitwan, Nepal. Banko Janakari, 12(2): 56-64 (As Cassia tora)
Devarkar, V. D., et al, 2011, Dietary and Medicinal Significance of Wild Vegetables from Osmanabad Region, Maharashtra (India). Life sciences Leaflets 11:317-332. (As Cassia tora)
De Wit, H., 1955, A revision of the genus cassia. Webbia 11:197-292
Dhyani, S.K., & Sharma, R.V., 1987, Exploration of Socio-economic plant resources of Vyasi Valley in Tehri Garwhal. J. Econ. Tax. Bot. Vol. 9 No. 2 pp 299-310 (As Cassia tora)
Diouf, M., et al, Leafy Vegetables in Senegal. Bioversity webite (As Cassia tora)
Dobriyal, M. J. R. & Dobriyal, R., 2014, Non Wood Forest Produce an Option for Ethnic Food and Nutritional Security in India. Int. J. of Usuf. Mngt. 15(1):17-37 (As Cassia tora)
Dunlop, C.R., Leach, G.J. & Cowie, I.D., 1995, Flora of the Darwin Region. Vol 2. Northern Territory Botanical Bulletin No 20. p 38
Dutta, U., 2012, Wild Vegetables collected by the local communities from the Churang reserve of BTD, Assam. International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology. Vol. 2(4) p 119 (As Cassia tora)
DUTHIE, (As Cassia tora)
Facciola, S., 1998, Cornucopia 2: a Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, p 67 (As Cassia tora)
Flora of Australia Volume 12, Mimosaceae (excl. Acacia) Caesalpiniaceae. Melbourne: CSIRO Australia (1998) p 137
Fl. ind. ed. 1832, 2:340. 1832
Franklin, J., Keppel, G., & Whistler, W., 2008, The vegetation and flora of Lakeba, Nayau and Aiwa Islands, Central Lau Group, Fiji. Micronesica 40(1/2): 169–225, 2008
French, B.R., 2010, Food Plants of Solomon Islands. A Compendium. Food Plants International Inc. p 386
GAMMIE, (As Cassia tora)
Garcia, G. S. C., 2006, The mother-child nexus. Knowledge and valuation of wild food plants in Wayanad, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2:39 (As Cassia tora)
Grivetti, L. E., 1980, Agricultural development: present and potential role of edible wild plants. Part 2: Sub-Saharan Africa, Report to the Department of State Agency for International Development. p 26 (As Cassia tora)
Gunjatkar, N., & Vartak, V.D., 1982, Enumeration of wild edible legumes from Pune District, Maharashtra State. J.Econ. Tax. Bot. Vol 3 pp 1-9 (As Cassia tora)
GUPTA, (As Cassia tora)
GUPTA & KANODIA, (As Cassia tora)
Hanawa, Y., 2013, Wild edible plants used by Guiziga people of far north region of Cameroon. Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants. Vol 3 (2) : 136-143
Henty, E.E., & Pritchard, G.S., 1973, Weeds of New Guinea and their control. Botany Bulletin No 7, Division of Botany, Lae, PNG. p 118 (As Cassia tora)
Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Cousens, R.D., Dodd, J., Lloyd, S.G., 1997, Western Weeds. A guide to the weeds of Western Australia. Plant Protection Society of Western Australia. p 124
Hu, Shiu-ying, 2005, Food Plants of China. The Chinese University Press. p 470 (As Cassia tora)
ILDIS Legumes of the World http:www:ildis.org/Legume/Web
IRVINE, (As Cassia tora)
Jacquat, C., 1990, Plants from the Markets of Thailand. D.K. Book House p 45 (As Cassia tora)
Jadhav, R., et al, 2015, Forest Foods of Northern Western Ghats: Mode of Consumption, Nutrition and Availability. Asian Agri-History Vol. 19, No. 4: 293-317
Jadhav, V. D., Mahadkar, S. D. & Valvi, S. R., 2011, Documentation and ethnobotanical survey of wild edible plants from Kolhapur district. Recent Research in Science and Technology 3(12): 58-63 (As Cassia tora)
Joshi, N., et al, 2007, Traditional neglected vegetables of Nepal: Their sustainable utilization for meeting human needs. Tropentag 2007. Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development. (As Cassia tora)
Joshi, N. & Siwakoti, M., 2012, Wild Vegetables Used by Local Community of Makawanpur District and Their Contribution to Food Security and Income Generation. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 1 (2012) 59-66
Kar, A., & Borthakur, S. K., 2008, Wild vegetables of Karbi - Anglong district, Assam, Natural Product Radiance, Vol. 7(5), pp 448-460 (As Cassia tora)
Kar, A., et al, 2013, Wild Edible Plant Resources used by the Mizos of Mizoram, India. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology. Vol. 9, No. 1, July, 2013, 106-126 (As Cassia tora)
Karthi, Sathya, & Salome, 2014, Uncultivated Edible Greens from Small Millet Farms Tamil Nadu India. IDRC (As Cassia tora) p 36
Kumar, A., 2013, Ethnobotanical study of wild vegetables used by rural communities of Kannauj district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Emir. J. Food Agric. 2013. 25 (10): 760-766 (As Cassia tora)
Kumar, R. & Saikia, P., 2020, Wild edible plants of Jharkhand and their utilitarian perspectives. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol 19 (2), April 2020, pp 237-250
Kuo, W. H. J., (Ed.) Taiwan's Ethnobotanical Database (1900-2000), http://tk.agron.ntu.edu.tw/ethnobot/DB1.htm (As Cassia tora)
Kuvar, S. D. & Shinde, R. D., 2019, Wild Edible Plants used by Kokni Tribe of Nasik District, Maharashtra. Journal of Global Biosciences. Volume 8, Number 2, 2019, pp. 5936-5945
Lazarides, M. & Hince, B., 1993, Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia, CSIRO. p 51 (As Cassia tora)
Lugod, G.C. and de Padua L.S., 1979, Wild Food Plants in the Philippines. Vol. 1. Univ. of Philippines Los Banos. p 40 (As Cassia tora)
Luo, B., et al, 2019, Wild edible plants collected by Hani from terraced rice paddy agroecosystem in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan, China. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 15:56
Lykke, A. M., Mertz, O, and Ganaba, S., 2002, Food Consumption in Rural Burkina Faso, Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 41:119-152
Manandhar, N.P., 2002, Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press. Portland, Oregon. p 140 (As Cassia tora)
Marandi, R. R. & Britto, S. J., 2015, Medicinal Properties of Edible Weeds of Crop Fields and Wild plants Eaten by Oraon Tribals of Latehar District, Jharkhand. International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research. Vo. 5. (2) April 2015 (As Cassia tora)
Martin, F.W. & Ruberte, R.M., 1979, Edible Leaves of the Tropics. Antillian College Press, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. p 85, 198 (As Cassia tora)
McMakin, P.D., 2000, Flowering Plants of Thailand. A Field Guide. White Lotus. p 95 (As Cassia tora)
Menninger, E.A., 1977, Edible Nuts of the World. Horticultural Books. Florida p 91 (As Cassia tora)
Misra, S., 2018, Ethno Botany and Nutritional Status of Some Edible Plants of South Odisha, India. International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology, Vol.5 Issue.2, February- 2018, pg. 21-32
MORTIMORE, (As Cassia tora)
Mot So Rau Dai an Duoc O Vietnam. Wild edible Vegetables. Ha Noi 1994, p 126 (As Cassia tora)
Narayanan Ratheesh, M. K. et al, 2011, Wild edible plants used by the Kattunaikka, Paniya and Kuruma tribes of Wayanad District, Kerala, India. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 5(15), pp. 3520-3529 (As Cassia tora)
Ochse, J.J. et al, 1931, Vegetables of the Dutch East Indies. Asher reprint. p 379 (As Cassia tora)
Paczkowska, G. & Chapman, A.R., 2000, The Western Australian Flora. A Descriptive Catalogue. Western Australian Herbarium. p 193
Pagag, K. & Borthakur, S.K., 2012, Wild edible wetland plants from Lakhimpur district of Assam, India. Pleione 6(2): 322 - 327 (As Cassia tora)
Pandy, R. K. & Saini, S. K., 2007, Edible plants of tropical forests among tribal communities of Madhya Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 6(1), pp 185-190 (As Cassia tora)
Patiri, B. & Borah, A., 2007, Wild Edible Plants of Assam. Geethaki Publishers. p 45 (As Cassia tora)
Peekel, P.G., 1984, (Translation E.E.Henty), Flora of the Bismarck Archipelago for Naturalists, Division of Botany, Lae, PNG. p 218, 220 (As Cassia tora)
Pham-Hoang Ho, 1999, An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam. Nha Xuat Ban Tre. p 851 (As Cassia tora)
Phon, P., 2000, Plants used in Cambodia. © Pauline Dy Phon, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. p 141 (As Cassia tora)
Prachi, K., et al, 2012, Underutilized wild fruits of North Maharashtra. Journal of Research in Plant Sciences. (2012) 1:071-076 (As Cassia tora)
Prafulla, S., 2017, Wild Food Diversity of Nawegaon-Nagzira Tiger Reserve in Gondia-Bhandara district of Maharashtra, India. Int. J. of Life Sciences, 2017, Vol. 5 (4): 620-626 (As Cassia tora)
RADHA PANT (1963), (As Cassia tora)
Rajapaksha, U., 1998, Traditional Food Plants in Sri Lanka. HARTI, Sri Lanka. p 223 (As Cassia tora)
Rajkalkshmi, P. et al, 2001, Total carotenoid and beta-carotene contents of forest green leafy vegetables consumed by tribals of south India. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 56:225-238
Ramachandran, V.S. and Nair, V.J., 1981, Ethnobotanical studies in Cannanore District, Kerala State (India). J Econ. Tax. Bot. Vol 2 pp 65-72 (As Cassia tora)
Ramachandran, V. S., 2007, Wild edible plants of the Anamalais, Coimbatore district, western Ghats, Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal or Traditional Knowledge. 6(1) pp 173-176 (As Cassia tora)
Ramachandran,V. S., & Udhayavani, C., 2013, Knowledge and uses of wild edible plants by Paniyas and Kurumbas of Western Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources. 4(4) December 2013, pp 412-418
Rao, M. L. S., et al, 2014, Indigenous Plant Foods which are commonly consumed by the tribal communities in Dumbriguda Area of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Biolife. Vol 2, Issue 3
Rasingam, L., 2012, Ethnobotanical studies on the wild edible plants of Irula tribes of Pillur Valley, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. (2012) S1493-S1497
Reddy, B. M., 2012, Wild edible plants of Chandrapur district, Maharashtra, India. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources. 3(1) pp 110-117 (As Cassia tora)
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (1999). Survey of Economic Plants for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (SEPASAL) database. Published on the Internet; http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/ceb/sepasal/internet [Accessed 26th April 2011]
Sarma, H., et al, 2010, Updated Estimates of Wild Edible and Threatened Plants of Assam: A Meta-analysis. International Journal of Botany 6(4): 414-423 (As Cassia tora)
Shah, G.L. et al, 1981, An account of the Ethnobotany of Saurashtra in Gujarat State (India). J. Econ. Tax. Bot. Vol 2 pp 173-182 (As Cassia tora)
Singh, G. K. & Ahirwar, R. K., 2013, An Ethnobotanical Survey for Certain Wild Edible Plants of Chanda Forest District Dindori Central India. International Journal of Science and Research. 6:14
Singh, H.B., Arora R.K.,1978, Wild edible Plants of India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. p 21, 84 (As Cassia tora)
Sinha, R. & Lakra, V., 2007, Edible weeds of tribals in Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 6(1) January 2007 pp 217-222 (As Cassia tora)
Sp. pl. 1:376. 1753 (As Cassia tora)
Sujanapal, P., & Sankaran, K. V., 2016, Common Plants of Maldives. FAO & Kerala FRI, p 240
Sukarya, D. G., (Ed.) 2013, 3,500 Plant Species of the Botanic Gardens of Indonesia. LIPI p 713
Teron, R. & Borthakur, S. K., 2016, Edible Medicines: An Exploration of Medicinal Plants in Dietary Practices of Karbi Tribal Population of Assam, Northeast India. In Mondal, N. & Sen, J.(Ed.) Nutrition and Health among tribal populations of India. p 150 (As Cassia tora)
Thaman, R. R, 2016, The flora of Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 611. Smithsonian Institute p 92
Toppo, P. et al, 2016, Wild edible plants of Dhamtari district of Chhattisgarh, India. Van Sangyan Vol. 3, No. 4 (As Cassia tora)
UPHOF, (As Cassia tora)
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/econ.pl (10 April 2000)
Vartak, V.D. and Kulkarni, D.K., 1987, Monsoon wild leafy vegetables from hilly regions of Pune and neighbouring districts, Maharashtra state. J. Econ. Tax. Bot. Vol. 11 No. 2 pp 331-335 (As Cassia tora)
Verdcourt, B., 1979, Manual of New Guinea Legumes. Botany Bulletin No 11, Division of Botany, Lae, Papua New Guinea. p 56 (As Cassia tora)
WATT, (As Cassia tora)
Wild edible plants of Himachal Pradesh (As Cassia tora)
World Checklist of Useful Plant Species 2020. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew